Thermoplongeur antidéflagrant à bride

Nine things: the fluid by name, mass or volumetric flow rate, inlet temperature, required outlet temperature, design pressure, area classification and gas group, supply voltage and frequency, flange standard, and any client specification you work to. Without flow rate and the two temperatures there is no kilowatt figure, and without the area classification the enclosure cannot be specified.

Because a control loop can fail in a way that leaves the heater energized — a sensor drifts, a controller output sticks, a triac fails closed. The high-limit element sits in the bundle on its own circuit and breaks the supply through a hard contactor regardless of what the controller believes. That independence is the whole point; a high-limit sharing the controller's sensor or output protects nothing.

They force the fluid across the full tube bundle instead of letting it take the shortest path from inlet to outlet. Without baffles, part of the bundle sits in near-stagnant fluid and overheats while the bulk stream leaves under-heated — you get both a hot spot and a cold outlet. The baffle layout is what makes high outlet temperature and uniform sheath temperature achievable at the same time.

Tell us the certification and the market at inquiry stage. The enclosure, glands and documentation package differ between schemes, and it is far cheaper to build to the right scheme than to re-certify afterwards. Where a scheme requires third-party assessment we will say so in the quotation rather than after the order.